SECTION 6 SECURITY AND SAFETY

1. All Contractor employees shall comply with all BWI Airport security regulations, as mandated by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). The Airport shall take immediate and aggressive action to ensure compliance with Airport Security, the BWI Airport Security Program, and United States Public Law 106-528, “The Airport Security Improvement Act of 2000.”

2. Security is to be maintained at all times. If security is breached or penetrated in any manner or form at any time during this contract, the Contractor is required to immediately restore "security" regardless of the circumstances. The Contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the integrity of the Controlled Access Security System for the duration of this contract.

1. All Contractor personnel who, in the performance of their duties, must have unescorted access to the Security Identification Display Area (SIDA) of the Airport shall first obtain a valid BWI Airport-issued Access (Identification) Badge from the Administration. Prior to badge issuance, the individual requesting an unrestricted badge must first undergo a Criminal History Record Check via FINGERPRINTING as mandated by United States Public Law 106-528. While awaiting the results of the fingerprint check, an applicant for an Identification Badge may be issued 45 days of provisional access to the SIDA if a 10 year Employment Investigation Check with no lapse in employment is submitted and there is proof that fingerprints have been submitted to the FBI for a Criminal History Record Check.

Upon return of the result of the Criminal History Record Check to the Security Center, if there are no disqualifying crimes, the provisional badge will be rescinded and an unrestricted badge will be issued. If there are disqualifying crimes, the provisional badge will be rescinded and an unrestricted badge will not be issued. If a provisional badge has expired before the results the Criminal History Record Check is returned to the Airport Security Center, the provisional badge will be rescinded and the applicant must be escorted by an employee with an unrestricted badge while in the SIDA. The failure of an employee/employer to return a provisional access badge to the Airport Security Center upon the end of the 45 days provisional access period shall be considered a violation of Public Law 106-528, FAR Part 107, and the Airport Security Program.

If the work to be completed by a particular subcontractor is short-term, and appropriately badged personnel are available, said employees may be escorted. The escort(s) must stay within immediate physical proximity of the escorted employee(s) at all times (normal speaking voice range).

Sub-contractor having a need to be badged must be processed as follows: The General/Primary contractor must submit to the Airport Security Center a sponsorship letter, which includes contract/project title, function, access requirements, duration, point of contact and hours of operation. If the General/Primary contractor delegates signatory authority to the subcontractor, this must also be stated in the letter, and the individual identified.

2. The Administration office or section with the primary duty of managing the subject contract (known as Airport Operator) shall be responsible for performing the Criminal History Record Check via fingerprinting. A contractor’s manager or supervisor shall be designated as the “authorizer” and shall be responsible for the Employment Investigation Check. This individual shall sign all access badge applications. The Contractor is required to send a letter to the Administration indicating the name of the manager or supervisor responsible for the Employment Investigation Check. It is required that the designated "authorizer" also sign this letter so that his/her signature is on file in the Airport Security Center.

3. Contractor personnel shall not be permitted to begin work on the job site until issued an access badge. Badges must be displayed at all times on the outer garment above the waist while the employee is in the SIDA.

4. The Administration reserves the right to confiscate and suspend the access badge of any employee allegedly involved in any felonious act or security violation at the Airport; and, upon a guilty, nolo contendere, or probation before judgment disposition of the charge, to revoke the access badge.

5. The Contractor is hereby warned that all persons not properly identified by an Airport-issued access badge may be challenged, and if positive identification or association cannot be made, the appropriate corrective action shall be taken.

6. At the completion of the contract or in the event any employees are terminated, the Contractor must return all access badges and airfield vehicle permits to the Procurement Officer for computer deprogramming as soon as possible.

7. The Contractor is also responsible for the cost of replacement badges, if lost.

1. All BWI Airport access badge applicants and those requesting the authority to authorize others to have unescorted access privileges to the SIDA must thoroughly complete a BWI Airport Access Badge Application and Attachments, must undergo a Criminal History Record Check (FINGERPRINTING), and undergo SIDA training.

2. The Contractor shall verify the identity of the access badge applicant through the presentation of two forms of identification, one (1) with the individual's photograph.

3. The access badge applicant must satisfactorily undergo a review, by the present employer, covering the past 10 years of employment history, and verification of the five (5) years preceding the date the access investigation is initiated. Information on the most recent five (5) years must be verified in writing, by documentation, by telephone, or in person.

A contractor may elect to utilize fingerprinting results instead of the 10 years Employment Investigation Check however, an applicant will not be issued a 45 days provisional badge or an unrestricted badge until successful completion of a Criminal History Record Check (FINGERPRINTING).

If verification is made by telephone, the information shall be obtained from a person in a position to speak on behalf of the company, and who has access to those records used to verify the information being requested.

4. The BWI Airport Access Badge Application along with the Attachments shall be submitted to the Administration prior to access badge issuance. The applicant's "access investigation" information shall be maintained by the employing agency/company in written form until 180 days after the termination of the individual's authority for unescorted access. The "access investigation" records must include: the application, the employment verification information obtained by the employer, the names of those from whom the employment verification information was obtained, the date the contact was made, and any other information as required by the Assistant Administrator for Civil Aviation Security.

1. The Contractor shall secure from the Airport Operations Center an airfield vehicle ramp permit or temporary airfield vehicle registration to facilitate unescorted vehicular movement around the airfield areas, where necessary, to fulfill the obligations of this contract.

2. Contractor shall abide by all driving rules and regulations at BWI Airport as determined and approved by the Administration.

1. Dependent on the contract's scope of work, perimeter access control may be an issue. All perimeter fence gates (manual and automatic) must be secured or manned (guarded) at all times. Any access portal (gates/doors) found to be unsecured, or any entry by an unauthorized person(s) and/or vehicle(s) shall subject the Contractor to a FAA-imposed penalty or fine of up to $10,000 per occurrence, and/or suspension/revocation of the violator's BWI Airport access badge.

2. During certain circumstances, the Contractor may require the use of a guard. In the event this option is exercised, the procedures shall be submitted in writing to, and approved by, the Security Manager.

In addition, these post and guards must be approved and coordinated, in advance with the Airport Security Center. All guard personnel shall possess a means of communication, which will facilitate the dispatching of law enforcement support in the event of an incident. Depending on the access gate location, an Access/Stoplist must be utilized (provided by the Airport Security Center).

3. Gate attendants (guards) may be Contractor employees, or others hired by the Contractor for this sole purpose. It shall be the responsibility of the Contractor to ensure all required security training is completed and understood. All gate attendants must have been issued a BWI Airport access badge prior to manning any access portal. The access badge must be displayed at all times while in the SIDA. Specific FAA-mandated security rules and regulations, as well as BWI Airport Security Program requirements will be provided by the Airport Security Center.

1. Control of vehicular traffic on the AOA is regulated by Code of Maryland Regulation (COMAR) 11.03.01.04. Detailed regulations are available at the Airport Security Center (Study Guide -- COMAR 11.03.01.04). As part of the Airfield Safety Training requirements, and prior to taking the written test, this Study Guide shall be provided to all appropriate personnel.

2. All vehicles shall be inspected and approved for operating on the AOA by the Administration's Division of Maintenance, prior to airfield vehicle registration. Vehicles satisfactorily completing the safety inspection shall be registered by the Airport Operations Center.

In the event that the Administration shall be subject to any fine or penalty by reason of any violation at BWI Airport of any governmental (including FAA) rules, regulations, or standards as they now exist or may hereafter be promulgated or enacted, the Administration may conduct an investigation and make a determination as to the identity of the party responsible for the violation. If it is determined by the Administration that the Contractor is responsible for all or part of the fine or penalty, the Contractor shall pay said amount of the fine or penalty. The Administration and the Contractor shall each have the right to contest the validity or amount of such fine or penalty before the governmental entity seeking to impose such fine or penalty. In addition, the Administration and the Contractor are each entitled to a hearing regarding the Administration's determination pursuant to the Laws of Maryland, Transportation Article, Section 5-209 and 5-210, the Maryland Administrative Procedure Act and COMAR Title 11, Subtitle 01, Chapter 14 entitled "Procedure for Hearings in Contested Cases."

Security regulations at Martin State Airport shall require the Contractor to comply with all rules and regulations as determined and approved by the Engineer. Security is to be maintained at all times. The Contractor shall maintain and enforce control of the operation of its vehicles and those belonging to its employees, subcontractors or tradesmen on Airport property. No vehicles of personnel will be permitted within the AOA except those directly involved in performance of the work. All other vehicles and equipment shall be parked in designated areas. No vehicles or personnel will be permitted to enter or cross runways, taxiways, or aprons without first obtaining permission from ATCT. Vehicles and/or personnel within AOA's shall immediately vacate these areas when directed to do so and shall stay clear of affected areas until permission is granted for re-entry. The Contractor is hereby warned that all persons not properly identified by approved construction employee ID badge may be challenged, and if positive identification or association cannot be made, the appropriate fine will be levied.

A. For all projects within the airfield, the Contractor shall acquaint his/her supervisors and employees with the Airport activity and operations that are inherent to Baltimore/Washington International and/or Martin State Airports and shall conduct his/her construction activities to conform to all routine and emergency air traffic requirements and guidelines for safety specified herein.

B. The Contractor shall not allow employees, subcontractors, suppliers, or any other unauthorized person to enter or remain in any airport area which would be hazardous to persons or to aircraft operations.

C. The Contractor shall be aware of the following types of safety problems and/or hazards:

1. Trenches, holes, or excavations on or adjacent to any open runway or in safety areas.

2. Unmarked/unlighted holes or excavation in any apron, open taxiway, open taxilane, or related safety area.

3. Mounds or piles of earth, construction materials, temporary structures, or other objects in vicinity of the open runway, taxiways, taxilanes, or in a related safety, approach, or departure area.

4. Vehicles, equipment, excavations, stockpiles, or other materials which could degrade or otherwise interfere with electronic signals from radios or NAVAIDs.

5. Pavement drop-offs or pavement‑turf lips (either permanent or temporary) which could cause, if crossed at normal operating speeds, damage to aircraft that normally use the Airport. The FAA AC 150-5370-2C Paragraph 7.C states “Runway surfacing projects resulting in excessive lips greater than one inch for runways and three inches for edges between old and new surfaces at runway edges and ends.”

6. Unmarked utility, NAVAID weather service, runway lighting, or other power or signal cables that could be damaged during construction.

7. Objects (whether or not marked or flagged) or activities anywhere on or in the vicinity of Airport which could be distracting, confusing, or alarming to pilots during aircraft operations.

8. Unflagged/unlighted low visibility items (such as tall cranes, drills, and the like) anywhere in the vicinity of active runways, or in any approach or departure area.

9. Misleading or malfunctioning obstruction lights or unlighted/unmarked obstructions in approach to any open runway.

10. Inadequate approach/departure surfaces (These surfaces are needed to assure adequate landing/takeoff clearance over obstructions or work or storage areas).

11. Inadequate, confusing, or misleading (to user pilots) marking/lighting of runways, taxiways or taxilanes (including displaced or relocated threshold).

12. Water, snow, dirt, debris, or other transient accumulation which temporarily obscures pavement marking or pavement edges, or derogates visibility of runway/taxiway marking or lighting, or of construction and maintenance areas.

13. Inadequate or improper methods of marking, barricading, and lighting of temporarily closed portions of airport operations area.

14. Trash or other materials with FOD potential, whether on runways, taxiways, aprons, or in related safety areas.

15. Inadequate barricading or other marking to separate construction or maintenance areas from open aircraft operating areas.

16. Failure to control vehicle and human access to, and nonessential non-aeronautical activities in, active aircraft operating areas.

17. Failure to maintain radio communication between construction/ maintenance vehicles and ATCT.

18. Construction/maintenance activities or materials which could hamper the response of aircraft rescue and firefighting equipment from reaching all aircraft or any parts of the runway/taxiway system, to runway approach and departure areas, and to aircraft parking locations.

19. Bird attractants such as edibles (food scraps, etc.) or other miscellaneous garbage, other trash, or ponded water on Airport.

D. 1. The Contractor is totally responsible for safety and health on the project. The Contractor shall conduct activities so as not to violate any safety requirements in applicable Federal, state, and local regulations or the standards contained herein. The Contractor shall inspect all construction and storage areas as often as necessary to be aware of conditions, and promptly take all steps necessary to prevent/remedy any unsafe or potentially unsafe conditions or activities discovered.

2. If the Engineer becomes aware of any conditions which pose a serious or imminent danger to the health or safety of the public or Administration personnel, the Engineer shall notify the Contractor orally, with written confirmation, and request immediate initiation of corrective action. This notice, when delivered to the Contractor or the Contractor's representative at the work site, shall be deemed sufficient notice of the noncompliance and that corrective action is required.

3. After receiving the notice, the Contractor shall immediately take corrective action. If the Contractor fails or refuses to promptly take corrective action, the Procurement Officer may issue an order stopping all or part of the work until satisfactory corrective action has been taken.

4. The Contractor shall not be entitled to any equitable adjustment of the Contract price or extension of time of the performance schedule on any stop work order issued under this clause. The Contractor shall insert this clause, including this paragraph, with appropriate changes in the designation of the parties, in all subcontracts. At no time shall the Contractor be relieved of the responsibility to be aware and correct any unsafe conditions.

E. Before actual commencement of construction activity, the Contractor shall, through the Airport Management, give notice, using the NOTAM system, of proposed time and date of commencement of construction as well as the length and duration of the work in such areas. Upon completion of work and return of all such areas to standard conditions the Contractor shall, through the Airport Management, give notice, using the NOTAM system, of completion of construction.

F. All Contractor's vehicles that are authorized to operate on the Airport outside of the designated construction area limits or haul routes as specified and in the active AOA shall display in full view above the vehicle a 3' x 3' or larger, orange and white checkerboard flag, each checkerboard color being square. Any vehicle operating in the active AOA during the hours of darkness shall be equipped with a flashing amber (yellow) dome‑type light, mounted on top of the vehicle and of such intensity to conform to local codes for maintenance and emergency vehicles.

G. Vehicles making only occasional visits to the job site are exempt from the identification requirements contained in Paragraph F. provided that they are escorted into, through, and out of the Airport secured area by a properly identified vehicle.

H. Radio communications are required between the Contractor's representative and the ATCT. Radio contact is required at all times while the Contractor has personnel and equipment on the project site and while they are in an active AOA of the Airport. Radios shall be furnished by the Contractor and shall be capable of transmitting and receiving at a ground frequency of 121.9 MHZ for BWI Airport and 121.8 MHZ for Martin State Airport. Sufficient radios shall be on site and operating at all times so that instructions or communications may be dispatched to all crews and/or equipment working in an active AOA within one minute after receipt from the ATCT.

I. Debris, waste and loose material (including dust and dirt) capable of causing damage to aircraft landing gear or propellers or being ingested in jet engines shall not be allowed on active aircraft movement areas or adjacent grassed areas. Materials observed to be within these areas shall be removed immediately and/or continuously by the Contractor during construction.

J. The Contractor shall furnish, at his/her own expense, flagmen as necessary to control his/her traffic in accordance with these specifications unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, in which case the direction of the Engineer shall be followed.

K. All Contractor's vehicles that are required to cross active runways, ramp areas, taxiways and aprons shall do so under the direct control of a competent flagman who is in direct radio contact with ATCT. All aircraft traffic on runways, ramp areas, taxiways and aprons shall have priority over Contractor's traffic. Radios shall be supplied by the Contractor and shall be capable of transmitting and receiving at a frequency of 121.9 MHZ for BWI Airport and 121.8 MHZ for Martin State Airport.

Where project access requires travel on or across runways, ramp areas, taxiways, or aircraft aprons, all personnel shall keep such surfaces clear of debris. At no time shall the Contractor's vehicles or personnel be allowed to enter or cross active runways or clear zones without proper authorization obtained through ground control.

M. Open flame, welding or torch cutting operations are prohibited unless adequate fire and safety precautions have been taken and the procedure previously approved by the Engineer.

N. Equipment and stockpiled material shall be constrained in a manner to prevent movement resulting from aircraft jet blast or wind conditions.

O. The Contractor shall provide timber or bucket type construction barricades with flashing yellow lights as shown on the drawings or directed by the Engineer to delineate the work areas when these areas are closed to airport traffic. Open trenches, excavations and stockpiled material located in the AOA shall be prominently marked with aviation orange flags and lighted by approved light units during hours of restricted visibility and darkness.

P. All materials and equipment when not in use shall be placed in approved areas where they will not constitute a hazard to aircraft operations and not penetrate clearance surfaces defined in Federal Aviation Regulation, Part 77 (14 CFR Part 77).

Q. The Contractor shall adhere to the requirements of Advisory Circular 150/5370‑2, "Operational Safety on Airports During Construction," current edition. Where Part 77 and Advisory Circular 150/5370‑2 are in conflict, the most restrictive requirement shall be met.

R. Maximum equipment height shall not exceed twenty (20) feet unless prior approval is obtained from the Engineer.

S. Debris, waste and loose material (including dust and dirt) capable of causing damage to aircraft landing gear, propellers or being ingested in jet engines shall not be allowed on active aircraft movement areas or adjacent grassed areas. Materials observed to be within these areas shall be removed immediately and/or continuously by the Contractor during construction.

T. Upon completion of any stage/phase of the work the Engineer will arrange a physical inspection with Airport operations personnel prior to opening for aircraft use any runway, taxiway, ramp area or airport roadway that has been closed for work, on or adjacent thereto, that has been used for a crossing point or haul route by the Contractor.

U. Entrance to the airfield is subject to strict security regulations. All personnel entering the airfield must obtain and display security identification badges and all vehicles must have and display special permits issued by the Maryland Aviation Administration. The cost of these security items is fully refundable upon their return. The Contractor shall be responsible for assuring that all their employees who have unescorted access to the airfield, have background checks, including at a minimum, references and prior employment histories to the extent necessary to verify representations made by the employee relating to employment in the preceding five (5) years.

V. The smoking or carrying of lighted tobacco, or other products is strictly prohibited on the airside of the airport. Failure to comply may result in fines and/or suspension of individual security badges. If the Engineer becomes aware of any conditions which pose a serious or imminent danger to the health or safety of the public or Administration personnel, the Engineer shall notify the Contractor orally, with written confirmation, and request immediate initiation of corrective action. This notice, when delivered to the Contractor or the Contractor's representative at the work site, shall be deemed sufficient notice of the noncompliance and that corrective action is required.

A. The Contractor shall be required to develop and submit a detailed Site Specific Safety Plan (“SSSP”) encompassing all work to be performed under the Contract on Administration property by his/her own forces and by his/her subcontractor forces. The SSSP shall be submitted during the Mobilization period specified elsewhere in the Contract.

B. The Administration will issue a “Construction Notice to Proceed” (CNTP) for the project only if the Administration approves the Contractor’s SSSP. If issuance of the CNTP is delayed beyond the Mobilization period due to late or nonconforming SSSP submissions, the Contractor’s Performance Time specified elsewhere in the Contract shall be decreased by the number of days of delay in issuance of the CNTP.

C. The Site Specific Safety Plan shall include, but not be limited to, the following:

1. The Contractor’s corporate health and safety policies, procedures and documentation. The Contractor’s organizational responsibility for safety shall be detailed.

2. Job Hazard Analysis (“JHA”) for each item of work to be performed under the Contract.

3. Material Safety Data Sheet (“MSDS”) for each material utilized in performance of the work under the Contract.

7. The scope of indoctrination for new employees, procedures for weekly safety meetings, and the scope and frequency of project site inspections.

8. The availability of, and enforcement of, procedures for the use of protective devices such as head protection, eye protection, hearing protection, clothing and footwear, respirators, safety belts and lanyards, wet weather gear, fire resistant blankets and/or barriers, and any other devices used for the protection of the individual employee's health and safety.

D. The Site Specific Safety Plan shall be in full compliance with the latest editions of the following:

3. FAA Advisory Circular for Operational Safety on Airports During Construction (150/5370-2F)

E. The Contractor shall be required to provide a Safety Officer to ensure full implementation of the approved Site Specific Safety Plan and applicable Federal and State safety standards throughout the duration of the Contract. The Safety Officer shall be a Certified Safety Professional (“CSP”), or equivalent, as approved by the Administration.

1. For Contracts in an amount of less than five million dollars ($5,000,000), the Safety Officer shall be required to be on-site on a weekly basis at a minimum. The Safety Officer shall attend preparatory meetings in advance of the start of each new item of work to review the applicable JHA and other relevant safety requirements with the construction personnel. The Safety Officer shall also perform inspections of the work site for compliance with the approved SSSP and applicable Federal and State safety standards and provide a written report of his/her findings to the Engineer, including any corrective actions implemented.

2. In addition to the above, for Contracts in an amount of five million dollars ($5,000,000) or above, the Safety Officer shall be required to be on-site on a full-time basis throughout the duration of the Contract and have no other responsibilities than those required by this Special Provision.

F. The Contractor shall assume full responsibility for compliance with all applicable regulations pertaining to the health and safety of personnel during the execution of the work, and shall hold the Administration and its agents harmless for any action on the Contractor's part, or that of the Contractor's employees or subcontractors that result in illness, injury or death.

G. The Contractor shall immediately notify the Engineer upon encountering hazardous materials. As used herein, the term “hazardous materials” has the same definition as provided in SP-5.07 - Hazardous Materials. All work, including contact with and handling of hazardous materials, the disturbance and dismantling of structures containing hazardous materials, and/or the disposal of hazardous materials, shall comply with the applicable requirements of SP-5.07. Work involving lead shall comply with the requirements of SP-6.06, Occupational Exposure to Lead in Construction Work, of these provisions. Work requiring entry into confined spaces shall comply with the applicable requirement of SP-6.07, Safety Hazards in Confined Spaces, of these provisions. All work shall comply with applicable Federal and State safety and health requirements. Where there is a conflict between applicable regulations, the most stringent shall apply.

H. In the event of an accident, injury or other medical emergency, the Safety Officer shall immediately notify the Engineer and begin a detailed incident investigation.

1. The Safety Officer shall provide a report to the Engineer documenting the all relevant facts pertaining to the accident, injury or other medical emergency. The Safety Officer shall also provide proposed corrective actions that the Contractor will immediately implement to avoid any reoccurrence of the accident, injury or other medical emergency.

2. A copy of each accident report that the Contractor or subcontractors submit to their insurance carriers shall be forwarded to the Engineer as soon as possible, but in no event later than seven (7) days after the day the accident occurred.

3. A copy of the Monthly Injury/Illness Report for the Contractor and each Subcontractor of every tier shall be forwarded to the Engineer as soon as possible, but in no event later than seven (7) days after the end of each month. A copy of the standard report form is included under Special Provision Section 10, Form SP-6.04.

4. The Engineer may withhold processing of the Contractor's progress payment for failure to submit any required reports within the time period specified in this Special Provision.

I. In the event that the Engineer becomes aware of any noncompliance with the approved Site Specific Safety Plan, applicable Federal or State safety standards, or any other unsafe or unhealthy conditions, the Engineer will immediately inform the Safety Officer and issue a Safety Deficiency Notice.

1. Once the Contractor is notified by the Engineer of any unsafe or unhealthy condition and the corrective action(s) to be taken, the Contractor shall immediately, if so directed, or within 48 hours after receipt of the Safety Deficiency Notice, correct the unsafe or unhealthy condition.

2. If the Engineer becomes aware of any conditions which pose a serious or imminent danger to the health or safety of the public, Administration personnel and their agents, or the Contractor's personnel, the Engineer shall notify the Contractor orally, with written confirmation to follow, and direct immediate initiation of corrective action. If the Contractor fails to comply promptly, all or any part of the of the work being performed may be stopped by the Engineer with a "stop work order" in accordance with the General Provisions Section GP-8.07 - Suspension of Work.

3. When, in the opinion of the Engineer, satisfactory corrective action has been taken to correct the unsafe or unhealthy condition, the Contractor will be permitted to resume work. The Contractor shall not be allowed any extension of time or compensation for damages by reason of or in connection with such suspension of work. The Contractor shall insert this clause, with appropriate changes in the designation of the parties, in all subcontracts. At no time shall the Contractor be relieved of the responsibility to be aware of and correct any unsafe condition.

J. The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to prevent injury to the public, or damage to property of others. For the purposes of this Contract, the public shall include all persons not employed by the Contractor or a subcontractor working under its direction.

K. Storing, positioning, or use of equipment, tools, materials, scraps, and trash in a manner likely to present a hazard to the public or building occupants by its accidental shifting, ignition, or other hazardous qualities is strictly prohibited.

The term, Maintenance of Traffic, as used herein, shall include all of such facilities, devices and operations as are required for the safety and convenience of the public as well as for minimizing public nuisance. The Contractor shall control his/her operations and those of his/her subcontractors and all suppliers, to ensure the least inconvenience to the traveling public and the airport operations. Under all circumstances, safety shall be the most important consideration. The Contractor shall maintain the free movement of vehicular traffic with respect to his/her own operations and those of his/her subcontractors and all suppliers. Particular attention is directed to safety on the project during the construction set forth under this Contract, in order that the Contractor's personnel, as well as the general public, will be adequately protected.

A. The Contractor shall restrict his/her work area as designated on the pre‑approved work schedule or as revised and approved by the Engineer as the work progresses. Only vehicles and equipment essential to the particular Contract operation will be allowed on or adjacent to the construction site.

B. Whenever any materials are dropped or deposited on the Administration's property as a result of hauling operations or other work by the Contractor, or are blown on Administration's property by wind, they shall be removed immediately by the Contractor by sweeping, flushing, or other approved methods as directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall maintain continuous observation of all paved roads and aprons and shall keep them clear as specified without being so directed by the Engineer. If the Contractor fails to remove materials dropped, tracked, deposited, spilled or blown on the existing roads and aprons, within twenty four (24) hours, the removal will be performed by the Maryland Aviation Administration, and the direct cost thereof plus one hundred percent (100%) of said cost will be deducted from monies due or to become due the Contractor.

C. The Contractor shall maintain traffic within the limits of the project as applicable to work for the duration of the construction period, including any temporary suspensions of the work. The work shall include the construction and maintenance of any necessary detour facilities; the providing of necessary facilities for access to tributary roads along the project; the furnishing, installing and maintaining of traffic control and safety devices during construction, the control of dust, and any other special requirements for safe and expeditious movement of traffic. A paved surface shall be provided for lanes being used for the maintenance of traffic. All lanes that are being used for the maintenance of traffic, including those on detours and temporary facilities, shall be adequately maintained, with a substantial surface under all weather conditions. The lanes shall be kept reasonably free of dust and when necessary to accomplish this, they shall be sprinkled with water, or some other dust palliative shall be applied. The lanes on which traffic is to be maintained shall be constructed of materials compatible to the local conditions. The lanes shall be provided with the drainage facilities necessary to maintain an adequately substantial, relatively smooth riding surface under all weather conditions.

D. The Contractor shall maintain one lane of traffic in each direction. The effective width of each lane used for maintenance of traffic shall be at least as wide as the traffic lanes existing in the area prior to commencement of construction. Traffic control and warning devices shall not encroach on lanes used for maintenance of traffic.

E. Adequate accommodations for intersecting and crossing traffic shall be provided and maintained and, except where specific permission is given, no road or street crossing the project shall be blocked or unduly restricted.

F. Except as otherwise provided, the Contractor shall not permit traffic on the base, surface course or structure constructed as part of the work. All traffic shall be maintained outside the limits of such areas until the facility is complete.

G. When construction operations necessitate vehicle paths other than in the lanes indicated by existing pavement markings, such existing pavement marking as may tend to confuse vehicle operators shall be removed or obliterated as directed.

H. The Contractor shall conduct his/her operations in such a manner that no undue hazard will result due to the requirements of this Article and the procedures and policies described herein shall in no way act as a waiver of any of the terms of the liability of the Contractor or his/her Surety.

I. The Contractor will be required to construct and maintain detour facilities wherever it becomes necessary to divert traffic from any existing roadway or bridge, or wherever construction operations block the flow of traffic. The detours are to be planned, constructed, and maintained in such manner that they will be capable of safely carrying the traffic required in all conditions of weather. The Contractor shall provide the detour with all facilities necessary to meet this requirement. The Contractor will be required to provide all materials for the construction and maintenance of all detours. In general, the requirements of the Technical Provisions pertaining to construction and material details shall not apply to detour construction, and it will be the responsibility of the Contractor to select and to use the construction methods and materials that will provide a stable and safe detour facility.

J. Supplemented by maintenance, the detour facility shall have sufficient durability to remain in good condition for the entire period that the detour is required.

K. The Contractor shall remove temporary detours when no longer needed and before the Contract is completed and all materials from the detour not satisfactory for incorporation into the completed work as approved by the Procuring Officer will become the property of the Contractor.

L. Restrictions on Oversized and Slow‑Moving Vehicles: The Contractor may move oversized and/or slow‑moving vehicles to the work site over the defined access roads shown on the Contract Drawings or as directed by the Engineer, provided all requirements of the Maryland State Highway Administration have been met.

M. The Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain all necessary barricades, warning signs, and markings for hazards, to protect the public and the work. When used during period of darkness, such barricades, warning signs, and hazard markings shall be suitably illuminated.

N. For vehicular and pedestrian traffic, the Contractor shall furnish, erect, and maintain barricades, warning signs, lights and other traffic control devices in reasonable conformity with MUTCD.

O. For contracts requiring Maintenance of Traffic, the Contractor is required to assign a Traffic Manager to the project. Traffic Manager, as a minimum, must have successfully completed State Highway Administration's Work Zone Traffic Control Course and at least three years of progressive responsibility in design, implementation and maintenance of work zone traffic control. Credentials of the person designated as Traffic Manager must be submitted to the Engineer for approval.

P. Flaggers: The Contractor shall provide competent flaggers to direct traffic in situations as may be required by the standards established herein.

The Contractor shall fully comply with the OSHA requirements of 29 CFR Part 1926.62.

A. The Contractor shall comply with the following, including all appendices, when entering any confined space on Maryland Aviation Administration (MAA) property.

1. U.S. Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administrations Standards OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926.146, ‘Permit-Required Confined Spaces’ and OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926, ‘Safety and Health Regulations for Construction.’

2. The Maryland Occupational Safety and Health (MOSH) requirements of COMAR 09.12.35.

1. Acceptable entry conditions. The conditions that must exist in a permit space to allow entry and to ensure that employees involved with a permit-required confined space entry can safely enter into and work within the space.

2. Attendant. An individual stationed outside one or more permit spaces who monitors the authorized entrants and who performs all attendant duties assigned in the MAA permit space program.

3. Authorized entrant. An employee who is authorized to enter a permit space.

4. Blanking or blinding. The absolute closure of a pipe, line, or duct by the fastening of a solid plate (such as a spectacle blind or a skillet blind) that completely covers the bore and that is capable of withstanding the maximum pressure of the pipe, line, or duct with no leakage beyond the plate.

a. Is large enough and so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work; and

b. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exit (for example, tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hoppers, vaults, and pits are spaces that may have limited means of entry); and

7. Double block and bleed. The closure of a line, duct, or pipe by closing and locking or tagging two in-line valves and by opening and locking or tagging a drain or vent valve in the line between the two closed valves.

8. Emergency. Any occurrence (including any failure of hazard control or monitoring equipment) or event internal or external to the permit space that could endanger entrants.

9. Engulfment. The surrounding and effective capture of a person by a liquid or finely divided (flowable) solid substance that can be aspirated to cause death by filling or plugging the respiratory system or that can exert enough force on the body to cause death by strangulation, constriction, or crushing.

10. Entry. The action by which a person passes through an opening into all confined space. Entry includes ensuing work activities in that space and is considered to have occurred as soon as any part of the entrant's body breaks the plane of an opening into the space.

11. Entry permit (permit). The written or printed document that is provided to allow and control entry into a permit space.

12. Entry Supervisor. The person responsible for determining if acceptable entry conditions are present at a permit space where entry is planned, for authorizing entry and overseeing entry operations, and for terminating entry as required by this section (Note: An entry supervisor also may serve as an attendant or as an authorized entrant, as long as that person is trained and equipped as required by this section for each role he or she fills. Also, the duties of entry supervisor may be passed from one individual to another during the course of an entry operation).

13. Hazardous atmosphere. An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, and impairment of ability to self-rescue (that is, escape unaided from a permit space), injury, or acute illness from one or more of the following causes:

a. Flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10 percent of its lower flammable limit (LFL);

b. Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LFL (Note: This concentration may be approximated as a condition in which the dust obscures vision at a distance of 5 feet (1.52 m) or less).

e. Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life or health. (Note: For air contaminants for which OSHA has not determined a dose or permissible exposure limit, other sources of information, such as Material Safety Data Sheets that comply with the Hazard Communication Standard published information, and internal documents can provide guidance in establishing acceptable atmospheric conditions).

14. Hot work permit. A permit allowing employees to perform work involving welding, cutting, or any task that would deplete oxygen, create toxic fumes and vapors, or create the potential for fire or explosion. MAA’s BWI Airport Fire and Rescue Department is the Authorizing Authority.

15. Immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH). Any condition that poses an immediate or delayed threat to life or that would cause irreversible adverse health effects or that would interfere with an individual's ability to escape unaided from a permit space.

16. Inerting. The displacement of the atmosphere in a permit space by a noncombustible gas (such as nitrogen) to such an extent that the resulting atmosphere is noncombustible. (Note: This procedure produces an IDLH oxygen-deficient atmosphere).

17. Isolation. The process by which a permit space is removed from service and completely protected against the release of energy and material into the space by such means as: blanking or blinding; misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes, or ducts; a double block and bleed system; lockout or tagout of all sources of energy; or blocking or disconnecting all mechanical linkages.

18. Line breaking. The intentional opening of a pipe, line, or duct that is or has been carrying flammable, corrosive, or toxic material, an inert gas, or any fluid at a volume, pressure, or temperature capable of causing injury.

19. Non-permit confined space. A confined space that does not contain or, with respect to atmospheric hazards, have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

20. Oxygen deficient atmosphere. An atmosphere containing less than 19.5 percent oxygen by volume.

21. Oxygen enriched atmosphere. An atmosphere containing more than 23.5 percent oxygen by volume.

22. Permit-required confined space (permit space). A confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:

c. Has an internal configuration such that an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls or by a floor which slopes downward and tapers to a smaller cross-section; or

23. Permit-required confined space program (permit space program). The MAA overall program for controlling, and where appropriate, for protecting employees from permit space hazards and for regulating employee entry into permit spaces.

24. Permit system. The MAA written procedure for preparing and issuing permits for entry and for returning the permit space to service following termination of entry.

25. Prohibited condition. Any condition in a permit space that is not allowed by the permit during the period when entry is authorized.

26. Rescue service. The personnel designated to rescue employees from permit spaces.

27. Retrieval system. The equipment (including a retrieval line, chest or full-body harness, wristlets, if appropriate, and a lifting device or anchor) used for non-entry rescue of persons from permit spaces.

28. Standby Rescue Team. Designated rescue personnel that are on site at all times during permit required entries, and are trained to the OSHA requirements for Confined Space Rescue.

29. Testing. The process by which the hazards that may confront entrants of a permit space are identified and evaluated. Testing includes specifying the tests that are to be performed in the permit space (Note: Testing enables employers both to devise and implement adequate control measures for the protection of authorized entrants and to determine if acceptable entry conditions are present immediately prior to, and during, entry).

C. The Contractor shall include his confined space entry program as part of the overall safety program and shall include the following:

1. Contactors shall follow, as applicable, OSHA 29 CFR Part 1910.146, “Permit-Required Confined Spaces” and OSHA 29 CFR Part 1926, “Safety and Health Regulation for Construction,” and the Code of Maryland (COMAR) 09.12.35, “Maryland Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Confined Spaces” when entering any confined space on Maryland Aviation Administration property.

2. Contractors who are required to enter into any confined space on MAA property shall be required to have successfully completed an OSHA compliant Confined Space Entry training course on Permit and Non-Permit entries prior to performing this task.

3. Contractors entering confined spaces on MAA property at BWI Marshall shall notify all entries in advance through BWI Airport Fire & Rescue Department On-Duty Division Chief of Operations, 410-859-7709.

4. Contractors entering confined spaces on Martin State Airport (MTN) property shall schedule all entries in advance with the MTN Operations Center, 410-682-8831.

5. Contractors shall provide their own STANDBY Rescue Team for all Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) permit required confined spaces.

6. Contractors shall be required to have rescue equipment and personnel trained in confined space rescue on site and in place to perform rescue during IDLH permit required confined space entries on MAA property.

7. Contractors shall be required to have a communications device capable of notifying the emergency services at BWI Marshall (410-859-7222) or emergency services at Martin State Airport (911) in the event of a fire, medical emergency or confined space rescue incident.

8. In instances where MAA and Contractor employees are working simultaneously as authorized entrants in a permit space, the Contractor shall coordinate entry operations with the Engineer, MAA’s Office of Maintenance and Utilities and MAA’s Employee Risk Management Coordinator so that MAA and Contractor employees do not endanger each other.

9. The Contractor’s Entry Supervisor shall be required to use and fill out the appropriate MAA confined space forms listed below. All forms listed below shall be used for all confined space entries on MAA property. Forms are attached.

a. MAA-017 B – Confined Space Evaluation Form. This is to determine Permit or Non-Permit Required Confined Space.

b. MAA-017 C – Confined Space Entry Permit (Contractor may substitute his own form if it contains the same information). The permit shall be on location at all times during entry.

c. MAA-017 F – Acceptable Entry Conditions. This form shall be used after each confined space entry on MAA property.

d. MAA-27 A – BWI Airport Welding & Burning Permit (MAA’s BWI Airport Fire & Rescue Department is the Authorizing Authority). This form shall be used during any hot work, following FRD’s policy.

e. MAA-27 B – Martin State Airport Welding & Burning Permit (MAA’s BWI Airport Fire & Rescue Department is the Authorizing Authority). This form shall be used during any hot work, following FRD’s policy.

The Entry Supervisor shall forward all completed forms to the Division of Employee Risk Management within 24 hours of the completion of the entry, FAX is acceptable.

Confined Space Entry

Evaluation Form

Page 1 of 2

NOTE: When completing this form, ensure that a response is provided for each question and at each entry.

Building Location:

Date:

Description of the space (including name and number):

SECTION 1. CONFINED SPACE ASSESSMENT

· Is the space large enough and configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned work?

YES

· Does the space have limited or restricted means for entry or exit?

YES

· Is the space not designed for continuous employee occupancy?

YES

If the answers to these three questions are “YES”, it is a Confined Space and the questions in Section 2 must be completed.

IF THE ANSWER TO ANY QUESTION IS “NO”, PLEASE EXPLAIN.

SECTION 2. PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE

Does the confined space:

· Contain or have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere?

YES

· Contain or have the potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere?

YES

· Contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious injury?

YES

· Have an internal configuration that could trap or asphyxiate an entrant by inwardly sloping walls or tapering floors?

YES

· Contain any other recognized serious safety or health hazard?

YES

If the answers to the questions are “NO”, the location is a Non-Permit-Required Confined Space. If the answer to any question is “YES”, the questions in Section 3 must be completed.

SECTION 3. PERMIT-REQUIRED CONFINED SPACE (PRCS) Page 2

· Does the space contain or have the potential to contain any of the following hazardous atmospheres?

YES

- A flammable gas, vapor, or mist in excess of 10% of its lower explosive limit (LEL)?

YES

Identify the hazard(s)

- Airborne combustible dust at a concentration that meets or exceeds its LEL?

YES

- An atmospheric oxygen concentration below 19.5% or above 23.5%?

YES

- An atmospheric oxygen concentration of any substance that is capable of causing death, incapacitation, impairment of ability to self-rescue, injury or acute illness?

YES

Identify the hazard(s)

· Does the Permit-Required Confined Space contain a material that presents the potential to engulf an entrant?

YES

Identify the hazard(s)

· Does the Permit-Required Confined Space have an internal configuration such an entrant could be trapped or asphyxiated by inwardly converging walls of by a floor, which slopes downward, and taper to a small cross section?

YES

· Does the Permit-Required Confined Space contain any other recognized serious safety or health hazard?

YES

Identify the hazard(s)

If the answer to any of the questions in Section 3 is “YES”, the location is a Permit-Required Confined Space and warning signs must be posted at each entrance.

POSTING REQUIREMENTS

SURVEY DOCUMENTATION

· Identify the number of entrances to

Survey Conducted By:

be posted.

Name:

Date:

Survey Reviewed By:

Name:

Date:

· Identify the location of each

Survey Conducted By:

entrance, if not readily apparent.

Name:

Date:

Facility: ____________________________________________ Month:______________ Permit #:______

Permit Begins: Date: _________Time:_______ AM/PM Expires: Date: ________ Time:_______ AM/PM

Location of Confined Space: ______________________________________________________________

Potential Hazards: _______________________________________________________________________

Reason for Entry: _________________________________________________________________

Emergency Response: __________________________________Phone Number:___________________

Entry Supervisor (Print):________________________________________________________________

Entry Supervisor (Signature):______________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________

Other (specify): _______________________________________________________________________

Air Sampling Equipment Used:___________________________________________________________

Serial Number:___________________________ Date Last Calibrated:____________________________

- Hazardous conditions are detected which were not present at the time of permit issue.

- Work has been suspended for one hour or more or has not begun within one hour of issue.

Notes/Comments:______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

NOTE: THIS FORM SHALL BE OBTAINED FROM THE BWI AIRPORT FIRE & RESCUE DEPARTMENT.

The Contractor shall provide and maintain a prioritized list of personnel to be contacted during emergency situations who can respond to emergencies and/or have the authority to direct other employees to respond to such emergencies. This list shall contain the names and phone numbers of those individuals. The Contractor shall immediately advise the Engineer, in writing, as changes are made to the list.

In general, excavations shall be supported. However, if the contract documents do not require a supported excavation and sufficient space is available, the Contractor can use open excavations with suitable side slopes. The open excavation shall be designed by a qualified geotechnical engineer in accordance with OSHA Regulations described in Federal Register, Volume 54, No. 209, October 31, 1989, Rules and Regulations. Open cuts, including partial sloping cuts above the proposed support, shall be reviewed on a case‑by-case basis. Unless noted otherwise in this specification, the design and details of the temporary support of excavation shall meet the requirements of the following Codes, Standards or Manuals:

(b) Maryland Department of Transportation, State Highway Administration Standard Specifications for Construction and Materials, 1993.

(d) Federal Register, Volume 54, No. 209, October 31, 1989, Rules and Regulations.

The design of temporary structures required for the support of excavations shall be the sole responsibility of the contractor. Design calculations and drawings stamped and prepared by a Registered Professional Engineer specializing in Geotechnical Engineering with a minimum of five years experience and registered in the State of Maryland are required. Qualifications of the Registered Professional Engineer should be submitted to the Engineer for his approval within two weeks of the Notice to Proceed.

The Contractor must submit Support of Excavation shop drawings and calculations to the Engineer at least 7 days prior to the start of the construction for support of excavation. The shop drawings and calculations should be submitted, along with a cover letter, certifying that support of excavation design has been done in conformance with these Support of Excavation specifications.

The following list of items summarizes the minimum conditions which shall be considered in the design of temporary vertical‑walls or cofferdams.

The active earth pressure coefficient, K_a, and the passive earth pressure coefficient, K_p, shall be estimated assuming wedge theory based upon a planar surface of sliding as defined by Coulomb theory. The effective angle of internal friction and unit weight used to compute K_a, and K_p shall be based upon available geotechnical information at the site with appropriate consideration given to assigning effective f values for cohesive material where the sloping surcharge case must be considered. The value of the friction angle, d, between the soil and the retaining wall, used for computing the value of K_a and K_p shall not exceed one‑third of the value of the effective angle of internal friction, f, of the soil. The effect of the slope angles, b and b¢, shall be considered when evaluating K_a and K_p.

Where discrete vertical wall elements (soldier beams) are used for support, the width of each vertical element shall be assumed equal to the width of the flange or diameter of the element for driven sections and the diameter of the concrete‑filled hole for sections encased in concrete.

2.4 Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution from a Retained Granular Soil on a Temporary Flexible Cantilever Retaining Wall or a Temporary Flexible Retaining Wall Supported by One Tier of Bracing or Tie Backs; Reference- AASHTO, 92

A triangular earth pressure diagram shall be used, having a horizontal ordinate equal to K_a1 g¢₁h at any depth h (see Figures 1 and 4).

2.5 Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution from a Retained Cohesive Soil on a Temporary Flexible Cantilever Retaining Wall or Temporary Flexible Retaining Wall Supported by One Tier of Bracing or Tiebacks; Reference ‑AASHTO, 92

A triangular earth pressure diagram shall be used. At the top of the wall, the lateral ordinate of the triangle shall be zero, increasing linearly to a value equal to g¢₁H‑2s_u1 at the final excavation level, i.e., at the total depth, H, from the top of the wall (see Figures 2 and 3).

Also, the addition of water pressure shall be considered on the supporting wall due to the possibility of water in tension cracks. Also, the following restrictions shall apply:

2.5.1 The active earth pressure shall not be less than 0.25 times the effective overburden pressure at any depth.

2.5.2 For sloping cuts above the proposed support system, use the effective shear strength parameters (c=0, f) and the simplified earth pressure distribution in accordance with Section 2.4 of this specification.

2.6 Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution on a Portion of Continuous Vertical Wall Element of a Temporary Flexible Cantilevered Wall or the Portion of Temporary Flexible Wall Supported by One or More Tiers of Bracing or Tiebacks Embedded in Granular Soils; Reference ‑ AASHTO, 92

A triangular diagram for the resultant or net passive resistance shall be used, having a horizontal ordinate equal to (K_p2 ‑ K_a2) g¢₂d ‑ K_a2g¢₁H at any depth, d, below the final excavation (see Figures 1 and 2).

2.7 Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution on a Portion of Continuous Vertical Wall Element of Temporary Flexible Cantilevered Wall or the Portion of a Temporary Flexible Wall Supported by One or More Tiers of Bracing or Tiebacks Embedded in Cohesive Soils; Reference AASHTO, 92

A rectangular diagram for the resultant or net passive resistance shall be used, having a horizontal ordinate equal to 4s_u2‑g¢₁H (see Figures 3 and 4).

s_u2 = undrained shear strength of the cohesive soil below the final excavation.

2.8 Simplified Earth Pressure Distribution from Granular or Cohesive Soils on the Embedded Portions of Discrete Vertical Wall Elements of Temporary Flexible Cantilevered Walls or of Temporary Flexible Walls Supported by One or More Tiers of Bracing or Tiebacks; Reference ‑AASHTO, 92.

The procedure for determining the resultant passive resistance of a discrete vertical element embedded in soil shall be based on the net passive resistance mobilized by three times the element width or diameter, not to exceed the soldier pile spacing. A depth of 1.5 times the width of the element shall be discounted in developing passive lateral resistance (see Figures 5 through 8).

Surcharge pressures must be added to the earth pressures computed in accordance with Sections 2.4 through 2.8 of this specification. A minimum construction loading surcharge of 600 psf shall be applied to all design cases. A higher value shall be used if applicable. The effect of restricting construction loads from the face of the supporting wall also may be considered.

Ground water pressures must be added to the earth pressures computed in accordance with Sections 2.4 through 2.8 of this specification. Where soldier piles with timber lagging are used ground water is generally assumed to be below subgrade of the interior excavation. When the wall is intended to prevent all leakage of ground water (tight sheeting), maximum exterior ground water pressures should be used.

(a) Determine earth pressure diagram and net passive resistance diagram in accordance with Sections 2.2 through 2.10 of this specification.

(b) Sum moments about toe of the embedment to determine the embedment depth, D0, for which the net passive resistance is sufficient to provide equilibrium.

(a) Determine earth pressure diagram and net passive resistance diagram in accordance with Sections 2.2 through 2.10 of this specification.

(b) Sum moments about the location of brace or tieback to determine the embedment depth, D0, for which the net passive resistance is sufficient to provide equilibrium.

(d) Determine depth below the brace or tieback at which the shear in the wall is zero.

4.0 Simplified Earth Pressure Distributions from Various Soils on Temporary Flexible Walls Supported by Two or More Tiers of Tiebacks or Braces; Reference-AASHTO 92.

4.1 For granular soils, a rectangular earth pressure diagram shall be used, having a horizontal ordinate equal to 0.65 K_a1g¢₁ at any depth, h, below the top of the wall.

4.2 For soft to medium stiff clay, a trapezoidal earth pressure diagram shall be used with horizontal ordinate increasing from zero at the top of the wall, to K_agH at a depth equal to 0.25H. The horizontal ordinate shall remain constant at K_agH from depths between 0.25H and H.

4.3 For stiff to hard clay, a trapezoidal earth pressure diagram shall be used with the horizontal ordinate increasing from zero at the top of wall to 0.4gH at a depth equal to 0.25H. The horizontal ordinate shall remain constant at a rectangular earth pressure diagram 0.4gH for depths between 0.25H and 0.75H, and then decrease to zero at a depth equal to H.

4.4 Surcharge and water pressure shall be added to the earth pressures in accordance with Sections 2.9 and 2.10 of this specification.

5.1 Struts, braces and walers should be sized for the above loads at normal allowable working stresses to which it will be subjected in the various construction stages using the appropriate pressure diagrams computed in accordance with Section 4 of this specification. The effect of combined axial and flexural loading, unsupported span lengths and lateral stability of the members must be considered.

For the design of braces, tiebacks, struts, walers and sheeting, the appropriate pressure diagrams computed in accordance with Section 4 of this specification shall be applied for final excavation conditions assuming struts, walers and sheeting to be hinged at brace points, except the uppermost brace point.

5.2 Sheeting, walers, braces, tiebacks and struts must be designed for each intermediate loading condition when portions of the structure or facilities are completed and the lower tiebacks, braces, or struts are removed. Consideration must be given to the possible increase in loading on the upper tiebacks, braces, or struts remaining in place, using some reasonable allowance for arching in the span between the completed structure and the lowest tieback, brace, or strut then in place.

Structural grade timber lagging shall be of the following thicknesses, unsurfaced:

The lagging shall be of a timber specie and grade that will provide an allowable working stress of not less than 1,100 psi. In the case of greater soldier pile spacing or the presence of unusually heavy construction surcharge on particularly soft cohesive soils, greater thicknesses of lagging may be required.

All members in the support structure should be sized using the Working Stress Method as discussed in the AISC Code. Design calculations must consider the effects of combined axial, torsional and flexural loads in the structure. Also, the stability of laterally unsupported members and unsupported span lengths shall be considered.

In general, excavations deeper than 12 feet must be braced or supported by tiebacks. The vertical spacing of tiers of tiebacks or braces below the first tier should not exceed 16 feet center to center during excavation. Where the excavation is near a structure and it is desired to minimize movement of the structure, in lieu of underpinning, the vertical spacing shall not exceed 12 feet, center to center, during excavation. The necessity to remove intermediate braces or tiebacks during construction should be compensated for by increased stiffness of soldier piles.

Soldier piles shall be driven or installed in prebored holes. The installed soldier piles should be within a vertical tolerance of 3 inches per 25 feet of length.

Concrete spacers or other approved non‑corrosive centering devices shall be used at sufficient intervals to insure concentric spacing for the entire length of pile installed in prebored holes.

After placing the soldier pile, the shaft shall be filled with concrete, having a 28‑day strength of 3,500 psi from the bottom of the drilled shaft to the dredge line. A lean mix shall be placed in the remainder of the drilled shaft, where lagging is to be installed, completely encasing the pile. Concrete shall be allowed to cure for 72 hours before any excavation may take place.

As the excavation in front of the wall proceeds, timber lagging shall be wedged behind the flange of the soldier piles. The maximum height of unlagged face of excavation shall be established by the designer but shall, in general, not exceed two feet. The unlagged face shall not exceed 15 inches if water flows from face of excavation or if the soil face moves toward the excavation.

Packing shall be done to establish tight contact between the excavation face and the lagging. Openings between lagging shall be packed with suitable material which will not decay and will allow free drainage of water without loss of soil or packing.

If unstable material is encountered during excavation, measures shall be taken to contain the unstable material in place and prevent ground displacement. Sufficient quantity of material shall be maintained on hand for lagging, shoring, bracing and other operations for protection of work and for use in case of accident or emergency.

Details on working drawings shall show appropriate means of posting of struts and walers, lacing struts in both vertical and horizontal planes to provide lateral stability, web and connection stiffeners, brackets, and provisions for wedging and jacking of struts to prevent horizontal movement. Details are a vital element in the adequacy and safety of temporary earth retaining structures and shall be shown completely on the working drawings in conjunction with the methods and sequence of installation of all elements of the structure. Particular attention shall be given to procedures for wedging or jacking of all bracing members to maintain tight contact and to provide for uniformity of load distribution.

The Contractor's submission shall include computations for each stage of the installation of the support system, whether it is supported by cantilevering or bracing. The design shall indicate that the system is stable both internally and externally. It shall also show that the embedment is sufficiently deep to prevent piping and potential ground loss at the bottom.

The Contractor shall control ground water at the site. This shall include control of stormwater runoff from adjacent ground and structures, methods to control and prevent erosion, and methods to control loss of ground during excavation.

The design of all members must include the effects of loads of street traffic, construction equipment, supported utilities, adjacent structures which are not underpinned, and any other loads that must be carried by the support of excavation system during the construction period.

A period of 10 days should be allowed for the initial review of shop drawings and calculations submitted by the Contractor. Seven days should be allowed for each successive review as required. The Contractor shall start the construction of the support of excavation only after the shop drawings have been approved.

The work of designing, preparing shop drawings, furnishing, installing, maintaining, and removing the support of excavation system, where required, will not be measured for payment. Rather, the support of excavation system is considered to be incidental to the work required for excavation including the segregation of the excavated material into suitable and unsuitable materials, hauling, storing, rehandling, depositing, backfilling, compacting, disposal, etc. All costs associated with the designing, preparation of shop drawings, furnishing, installation, and removal of the support of excavation system including pumping, bailing, draining, dewatering devices, and removal thereof, and all other labor, equipment, tools, and incidentals necessary to complete the item, shall be included in the appropriate unit price bid items for "Structural Excavation" or other relevant sections.

Pre-Entry Checklist	YES	NO	N/A	Initials
1. Area Secured
2. Vehicular Traffic re-directed or barricaded
3. Energy lockout/tagout complete
4. Lines blinded or disconnected
5. Proper ventilation supplied
6. Specialized PPE or safety equipment required
7. Adequate safety lighting provided
8. Harness and retrieval line used
9. Mechanical lifting device available for spaces over five feet in depth
10. Communication methods specified between attendant and entrant(s): Verbal, radio, visual, hand, other(specify)
11. Rescue procedures in place or notified
12. Acceptable entry conditions have been determined (back of permit)
13. Other hazards: Bacteria, rodents, insects, temperature
14. Frequency of periodic testing has been specified
15. Bump test completed

_____________________________________	____________________________________
_____________________________________	____________________________________
____________________________________	____________________________________
_____________________________________	____________________________________
______________________________________	____________________________________

Time	Oxygen 19.5-23.5	Flammables (LEL) <10%	Carbon Monoxide <35 PPM	Hydrogen Sulfide <10 PPM	Other	Initials

Entrants	Time In	Time Out	Entrants	Time In	Time Out

Depth	Required Thickness of Timber Lagging for Clear Spans (S) of:
	5'< S < 8'	8'< S < 10'
From ground surface to 25 feet	3±	4±
From 25 feet to 60 feet	4±	5±